Karen Clark Adds US Earthquake Reference Model to Modeling Platform

Karen Clark & Company (KCC) has released a new US earthquake Reference Model as part of the RiskInsight open loss modeling platform. The earthquake model is based on the latest 2014 US Geological Survey (USGS) report incorporating updated seismicity assumptions and ground motion attenuation functions.

The 2014 USGS report contains the results of the most recent research and scientific consensus on the earthquake hazard in the US. According to the report, lessons from recent events have highlighted the limitations of focusing on known seismic sources. The 2011 magnitude 9 Tohoku and the 2012 8.6 Sumatra events demonstrated that earthquakes can rupture beyond previously understood fault boundaries, resulting in larger rupture areas and magnitudes than expected.

While scientists generally understand the geological mechanisms generating earthquake events, many of the earthquake sources, i.e. faults, remain unmapped and unknown to the scientific community. Actual events are frequently surprises in terms of location, magnitude, and resulting damage. The new report better recognizes the uncertainty in the locations and magnitudes of future events and includes more multi-fault rupture scenarios.

“Our clients can see the new scenarios superimposed on their exposures to identify where they may be over exposed to future large magnitude events and where they have capacity to write more business. Along with obtaining the traditional EP curve metrics, insurers can estimate their losses from different return period events as provided by the USGS,” said Karen Clark, KCC co-founder and CEO..”

For California as a whole, the earthquake hazard hasn’t changed significantly, but there’s an increased probability of magnitude 8 and larger events. To counterbalance the increased rate of very large events, there’s a decreased probability of moderate events—magnitude 6.7 and above. In the Los Angeles Region there’s a greater increase in the likelihood of larger earthquakes compared with other areas in California because according to the USGS this region has more faults that can host multi-fault ruptures.

In the Pacific Northwest, insights from recent events have led to changes in the source geometry for the Cascadia Seismic Zone (CSZ) and the magnitude-frequency assumptions. There is now a higher frequency of earthquakes in the southern section of the CSZ. In the New Madrid Seismic Zone, the combined effects of seismicity and ground motion changes have led to decreased hazard at longer return periods and increased hazard at shorter return periods.

RiskInsight comes with advanced visualization and mapping tools so all of the return period assumptions are visible to the model users. The high resolution ground motion footprints can also be displayed and analyzed for each event in the catalog.

“The openness of RiskInsight makes external peer review possible,” said Dr. Mark Linker, Senior Scientist, Fermat Capital Management, who added that each modeling company will implement the USGS report differently.

The new US earthquake model includes thousands of vulnerability curves representing different occupancy and construction types, height and year built bands, and building code assumptions that vary by region. As with the hazard component, all of the damage functions are visible and accessible.

“The RiskInsight damage function component is based on the latest engineering research and scientific data,” said Dr. Nozar Kishi, Consulting Earthquake Engineer. “The vulnerability curves utilize spectral as well as peak ground accelerations in line with the current state of practice, and the available data on ground motion, damage, and loss from actual events have been used to validate the curves.”

The RiskInsight earthquake Reference Model can be used to estimate losses on portfolios of properties along with individual policies and accounts. The model accounts for all fault-based seismic sources and implements gridded background seismicity to account for unknown faults.

Clarks said the addition of this model to RiskInsight includes Reference Models for peak peril regions accounting for 50 percent of the global insured catastrophe risk.

Karen Clark & Company provides software products and consulting services to help insurance companies better understand and manage catastrophe risk.