Tokio Marine HCC Lists Top 10 Cyber Incidents in 2025
Among the top 10 cyber incidents in 2025 was the first documented case of an AI-orchestrated espionage campaign, which illustrated how artificial intelligence (AI) is being leveraged by sophisticated threat actors, according to Tokio Marine HCC International (TMHCCI), in its sixth consecutive annual cyber incidents report.
The report examines 10 of the most significant cyber incidents of 2025, selected for their operational disruption, financial impact and broader implications for the global digital ecosystem.
Compiled by TMHCCI’s Cyber Security team, the report highlights how ransomware, technology supply-chain compromise and cloud infrastructure concentration continue to drive systemic cyber risk for organisations worldwide. The incidents listed – not ranked – span retail, automotive, cloud infrastructure, telecommunications and luxury goods sectors, including Marks & Spencer, Jaguar Land Rover and Amazon Web Services.
“This past year marked a turning point as AI evolved from a theoretical risk to an active threat. Understanding these emerging exposures and how they change remains essential for effective cyber underwriting,” commented Xavier Marguinaud, head of Cyber at Tokio Marine HCC International, in a statement.
“From financial losses to widespread cloud outages, it’s striking over the past 12 months to see the pace of change and how these threats have evolved. Tracking these incidents year-on-year helps the market stay ahead of emerging cyber threats and provide the best protection for the insured,” said Isaac Guasch, cyber security leader and author of the report.
The 10 most significant cyber incidents featured TMHCCI’s report include:
Tokio Marine HCC is a member of the Tokio Marine Group, a global company founded in 1879 with a market capitalization of $81 billion as of September 30, 2025. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, Tokio Marine HCC is a specialty insurance group with offices in the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Continental Europe.
Source: Tokio Marine HCC International (TMHCCI),